Acute ischemic stroke is the most common type of stroke in clinical practice. Due to its sudden onset and short treatment time window, it becomes one of the important factors leading to disability and death world wide. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, deep learning technology shows great potential in the diagnosis and treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Deep learning models can quickly and efficiently segment and detect lesions based on patients’ brain images. This study introduces the development history of deep learning models and commonly used public datasets for stroke research. For various modalities and scanning sequences derived from computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), it elaborates on the research progress of deep learning technology in the field of lesion segmentation and detection in acute ischemic stroke and summarizes and analyzes the improvement ideas of related research. Finally, it points out existing challenges of deep learning in this field and proposes possible solutions.