Currently, patients are transported mainly by fuel vehicles. In view of this, this study carries out a study to model patient transportation by electric vehicles and analyzes the calculation examples of patient transportation by fuel and electric vehicles through comparison, so as to verify the feasibility and superiority of patient transportation by electric vehicles. Firstly, a mathematical model of patient transportation by fuel vehicles is constructed, which considers constraints such as the longest riding time of each patient, the maximum average speed of vehicles, and the time window for patients, with a goal of minimizing the sum of consumption and refueling costs of fuel vehicles. Secondly, a mathematical model of patient transportation by electric vehicles is constructed, which takes constraints such as the charging time of electric vehicles, the remaining power, the maximum average speed of electric vehicles, the longest riding time of each patient, and the time window for patients into account, with a goal of minimizing the sum of consumption and charging costs of electric vehicles. Finally, an example is selected and solved by LINGO software through programming to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the mathematical models.