As an important part of international logistics, the bill of lading can improve the efficiency of freight and capital circulation when applied to railway freight transportation. Faced with low security and insufficient credibility, the current electronic bill of lading system cannot guarantee the rights of participants. According to the decentralization, traceability, and programmability of blockchain, this study defines a framework of the electronic bill of lading system. Based on hyperledger fabric, the operation logic of electronic bill of lading, such as issuance, audit, circulation, and pledge is realized with multi-agency and multi-role participation in blockchain networks. The transaction information is stored on the chain and can be shared and queried in real time. In general, our work effectively solves the problems of property right and goods tracing.