In large-scale, data-intensive application scenarios, the disadvantages of row storage access to data become increasingly prominent, which is gradually unable to meet the performance requirements for high-speed data access, and data needs more efficient transmission and processing methods. Therefore, it is of great significance to expand new memory access methods compatible with row and column access at the same time to improve access efficiency, reduce overall power consumption, and save memory space. This study focuses on dynamic random storage and non-volatile storage to introduce the column-oriented memory access method in detail, highlighting the analysis of the structural design for storage units and the implementation of the column-oriented memory access process. Finally, the two different ways of memory access are compared and summarized, and row- and column-oriented in-memory databases, data mining, data encryption algorithms, and the application scenarios of real-time systems are forecasted.