At present, Vehicle Ad hoc NETworks (VANETs) have received great attention in the automotive industry and research areas, especially in terms of users’ privacy protection. As an extension of cloud computing, fog computing is more reactive since it can effectively reduce network latency. Compared with cloud computing, fog computing decreases the volume of data sent to and from the cloud and further lowers the security risk. Since Ciphertext Policy Attribute-Based Encryption (CP-ABE) is suitable for fine-grained access control of data stored on the cloud and searchable encryption based on keywords, users can quickly find interesting data stored on cloud servers and not leak information about any search keywords. For this reason, we propose attribute-based searchable encryption and attribute update in this study, which is a combination of attribute-based encryption schemes and keyword-search encryption schemes. The proposed scheme supports user attribute update, and illegal vehicle users will not have access to the stored data, thereby realizing the cancellation of illegal vehicle users. At the same time, it also achieves the communication among the vehicles, fog, and cloud. In the communication process, it outsources part of the encryption and decryption calculations to the fog nodes, reducing the users’ calculation cost. In addition, performance analysis shows that the proposed scheme has better advantages in both functionality and computational overhead.