In order to cope with the problem of insufficient function of intelligent fishing rod in domestic market, this study designs an intelligent fishing rod system, which has the functions of fishing region selection, intelligent alarm and automatic walking fish. The study mainly solves the attitude of fishing rodby using quaternion method, adopts a data fusion algorithm based on Kalman filter, and builds the uC/OS-II operating system with the core microprocessor STM32, combined with various environmental sensors and cascade PID method. The results indicate that this system can not only reduce the probability that fish escape from the short line, but also provide the chance of automatic fishing in harsh environment.