When indoor robot adopts the odometer method for long distance navigation, the positioning accuracy decreases rapidly. In the past, the accuracy of the artificial landmark location scheme is low, and it is difficult to meet the real-time requirement of navigation. To deal with these problems, this paper designs the artificial landmark, which can be quickly and accurately identified, so as to correct the accumulative navigation errors by the robot odometer method, and the location information of the artificial landmark and the odometer method is effectively integrated with Calman Filter. The experimental results show that the recognition accuracy of digital artificial landmark is high, and recognition speed meets the real-time requirement of navigation. This method can effectively improve the robustness and accuracy of the mobile robot when it adopts the odometer method to navigate.