Aiming at the shortage of the ant colony algorithm in the solving process of cloud computing task scheduling problem, this paper presents a novel task scheduling method of cloud computing based on improved ant colony algorithm, in order to find the best cloud computing task scheduling scheme. Firstly, this paper analyzes current status of research on task scheduling in the cloud computing, and describes the problem in detail. And then ant colony algorithm is used to solve the problem of cloud computing task scheduling, and the defects of standard ant colony algorithm are improved. Finally the performance of the proposed method is tested on the CloudSim platform. The results show that the improved ant colony algorithm not only can find better scheduling scheme for cloud computing tasks, but also speed up the completion of the cloud computing tasks, which has a certain practical application value.