The control system for rice wine fermentation is an unstable system with time-varying and nonlinearity. Temperature is a very important parameter in rice wine fermentation control. For rice wine fermentation temperature characteristics, a PID temperature control system is designed based on particle swarm algorithm (IPSO) with Position Weighted and adaptive inertial weight. The improved PSO algorithm with Position Weighted, which can reduce the blindness in the search process to overcome the defect that basic PSO algorithm is easy to fall into local minima is proposed. And adaptive inertial weight can balance the global and local search ability of the particles. It uses the IPSO to optimize the standard test functions and analyzes the test results, and finds the test results are better than before. This paper uses LabVIEW and the MATLAB mix programming method to simulate and compare. The result shows the control strategy has a fast dynamic response, slight overshoot and strong robust, and with good usability.