The structure of the edge node system is exposed to problems of the single function, the confusing module division, and the high bandwidth overhead, and security risks in edge-to-cloud data transmission. To solve these problems, this study designs and develops an IoT-oriented edge node platform architecture. The platform architecture consists of five modules, i.e., device management, data management, resource management, application management, and exporting service management. The designed platform architecture applies algorithms such as the least square method to achieve functions including data collection, data filtering, data encryption, and indicator analysis on the edge side. The experimental results indicate that the platform can continuously collect surroundings information, filter and analyze data, and ensure the safe and reliable transmission of data while reducing the cost of edge-to-cloud data transmission.