In the process of detecting two-dimensional medical images, it is helpful for doctors to analyze image data more comprehensively and make accurate measures to deal with the illness by using the three-dimensional visualization technology of medical images. Taking the liver image as an example, firstly, continuous cross-sectional images in visible human dataset are extracted. An image segmentation algorithm based on region growing is used to extract the liver contour from continuous cross-sectional images. Secondly, interlayer interpolation of liver contour is used to construct a three-dimensional model of liver by using the VTK combined surface rendering method. Then the initial model is meshed to some extent to reduce data redundancy and complete the three-dimensional reconstruction of virtual liver. This work studies the liver solid texture synthesis with mapping based on the CUDA system, it also considers the reality for solid texture and balances the practical for virtual surgical instruments which plays a major role in the virtual liver surgery development.