Aiming to simulate and reproduce the urban traffic network environments, and to improve the versatility and reusability of the traffic model, the traffic elements such as vehicle, lane, road, intersection and light were abstracted into five components with the combination of the characteristics of urban traffic flow and computer simulation technologies, and then the microscopic traffic simulation system with multi-components was designed and established which has a good human-computer interface. In the final, an example of traffic simulation was conducted and the result indicated that the microscopic traffic simulation system with multi-components could be used for testing, evaluating and comparing the traffic control strategies.