The visually impaired are a vulnerable group in society and face many obstacles when traveling independently. Providing safe and reliable auxiliary equipment for the visually impaired reflects the progress of social civilization. This study introduces the key technologies for obstacle detection and identification and path planning related algorithms for assisting visually impaired travel. The study mainly analyzes path planning algorithms after obstacle detection, comprehensively compares the application characteristics and scenarios of various technologies, and discusses the research progress of related methods in visually impaired assistive devices. In addition, it summarizes the current application status of multi-technology integration in intelligent assistance equipment. On this basis, combined with the advancement of technologies such as artificial intelligence and embedded devices, the future development direction of auxiliary visually impaired travel equipment is prospected.