This study presents a proposal to improve the delegated proof of stake consensus mechanism based on dynamic weighted election, so as to mitigate issues such as the lack of initiative in user nodes, collusion among nodes, difficulty in suppressing malicious node appearance, and increased centralization risk. Firstly, a system of rewards and penalties is established for user nodes to incentivize users’ participation in the election process. Moreover, an address clustering algorithm of user nodes is introduced to identify user nodes exhibiting similar voting behavior, effectively curbing undesirable voting actions of user nodes. The enhanced entropy weighting method is utilized to dynamically calculate the weights of each candidate node’s features during each round of the election process. The voting results of user nodes are combined with the performance distance algorithm to rank the candidate node, leading to more rational election results. Subsequently, in the block production process, the production order of production nodes is dynamically adjusted to avoid the centralization risk. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed scheme are validated through simulation. The results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can not only incentivize user nodes but also limit the bad behavior of nodes, effectively reducing the probability of malicious nodes and avoiding centralization risk.