Considering the impact of sudden railway damage on train operation, a single-track railway scheduling model is built on the basis of the train operation scheduling theory, and a two-echelon train scheduling algorithm with emergency handling capacity is designed. In the first stage, the running speed of the train in the section is adjusted, and in the second stage, the dwell time of the train is adjusted. Three effective search operators, an adaptive update rule and particle swarm optimization algorithm are combined to solve the single track railway train scheduling problem with the train delay rate as the optimization objective. The proposed algorithm is tested and compared with other algorithms under the same experimental conditions, and the emergency test proves the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.