The Ceph storage system suffers from the metadata server performance bottleneck and low file reading efficiency during small file storage. In view of this, the study takes advantage of the inherent data relevance between small files to extract related features with a lightweight pattern matching algorithm. On this basis, small files are merged, as a result of which the rationality of file merging is improved. The small files in the same merged file are stored in the client cache to improve the cache read hit rate. Experiments have verified that the proposed scheme can effectively enhance the access efficiency of small files.