In the traditional industrial Internet platform, the security and privacy issues of data generated by terminal equipment are the main bottlenecks hindering the development of the industrial Internet. With the geometric growth of terminal data, protecting the security and integrity of data has become the core research area of the industrial Internet. This study first designs blockchain-based equipment and data management architecture, providing a reliable, tamper-proof database. Then, the digital certificate is employed to provide the authority access control mechanism for the platform to improve the security level of platform access. Secondly, the terminal equipment and its configuration files are managed indirectly through the chain code, which avoids the data pollution caused by the random access of the terminal equipment. Finally, the data generated by the terminal equipment is packaged and encrypted through the public and private keys of the equipment itself and then stored on the blockchain with the consensus mechanism of the blockchain. Experiments show that the proposed scheme has good stability, safety, and operability.