Considering the green scheduling problem of TFT-LCD manufacturing cell stage based on improved cuckoo search algorithm, a mathematical model was established aiming at minimization of the maximum completion time and total carbon emissions. By using three-stage coding based on machine selection, speed selection and process selection and using an improved cuckoo search algorithm with dynamic coefficients before step size factor, the Pareto optimal solution set is constructed by combining the dual championship and the dynamic elimination system. The validity of the model and algorithm is verified by simulating the actual production data of a workshop. The simulation results show that the improved cuckoo search algorithm can effectively reduce carbon emissions while guaranteeing the maximum completion time.