Coronary atherosclerosis is the most common disease of cardiovascular diseases in global. The mortality rate of human caused by the coronary atherosclerosis is gradually rising year by year. The main treatment adopted by the global medical institutions to reduce the pain of patients is the vascular stent implantation. Currently, in vivo angiography based on OCT performing a high resolution is gradually used in the examination and treatment of patients with cardiovascular disease. Hundreds of or thousands of IVOCT images of patients are produced out during each treatment or examination time. The method of traditional manual detection and marking for OCT images is inefficient and time-consuming. In response to such issues, researchers worldwide have done a lot of research and proposed many semi-automatic and automatic detection methods of the internal tissues and structures of vessels. The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively and systemically introduce the progress of vascular internal tissue detection researches based on IVOCT image and explains its principles.