In order to solve the security problems such as potential tampering and forgery in the traditional supply chain of transaction data, this study proposes a new trusted data management scheme based on blockchain technology. First, an intelligent contract suitable for supply chain is designed to code trade rules in order to prevent performance risks and improve the credibility of trade data processing. Then, ZSS04 scheme and sampling techniques are used to complete transaction data integrity check. Furthermore, a distributed consensus mechanism for supply chain is designed to improve the reliability of trade data storage. Finally, the trusted data management in untrusted environment is realized by using the native characteristics of blockchain. Results show that the scheme can provide new ideas and technical support for transaction data management in supply chain.