In order to improve the reliability and stability of the automatic tracking and positioning fire protection system, the data transmission of the fire fighting system is proposed by using CAN bus. The architecture and communication of the fire control system are introduced, and the CAN bus communication circuit structure and principle are analyzed. On the basis of CAN 2.0 protocol B frame structure, the extended frame ID form and meaning of the message identifier are studied, the formulation, implementation method, and design examples of application layer communication protocol are given based on the CAN bus. The application results show that the design can not only meet the actual requirements of data transmission reliability and real-time performance, but also have extremely strong portability and expansibility.