In 2013, China initiated the project of scientific instruments development of x-ray single crystal diffraction for no independent intellectual property rights. Operating and control system of x-ray single crystal diffraction is core software for the instruments, its main function is monitoring instrument components, acquireing data, analysis and process. The paper mainly introduces the operation, the module structure and design process of the various modules of x-ray single crystal diffraction. At present, the system has run on the independent research and development instrument of x-ray single crystal diffraction stably.