The positioning method such as radio frequency identification used in the mine transportation system can only detect the specific position of the locomotive, but cannot realize the precise positioning. By studying moving target location technology, data communication technology and visualization technology, combined with the special working conditions of the coal mine, a new mine positioning system used inertial navigation technology was proposed. The information of the locomotive, including location, speed and direction, was measured by accelerometers and gyroscopes. Through the wireless communication and wired communication, the data was transferred to the computer control center, using the Kingview software to show the precise location of the locomotive. This system makes it convenient for control room persons to get real-time information of the electric locomotive, and improves safety and efficiency by removing incidents.