A hybrid algorithm based on improving QPSO and nonlinear programming is proposed to improve the speed and success rate of PID controller parameter optimization. The Cauchy random disturbance is introduced to the algorithm to increase the diversity of the particle population and enhance its global search capability. Nonlinear programming function is integrated in the algorithm to improve the capabilities of the local search, thus improving the accuracy and convergence rate. The algorithm is applied to fourth-order object of PID controller parameter optimization. Use MATLAB programming and run it, the results show the response time is short, the overshoot is small, the stability is good, and has certain practicality and promotional value.