A Cesium-based three-dimensional (3D) visualization platform for space target observation is designed and developed to overcome the shortcomings of existing space target observation software in 3D visualization, cross-platform capability, and ease of operation and ultimately to meet the needs of stations in space target tracking and measurement. The software development framework is outlined, and orbit prediction is performed by leveraging two-line elements (TLE) and the latest simplified general perturbation model 4 (SGP4). Spatial coordinate transformation is conducted to achieve platform functions of orbit calculation of space targets, real-time position dynamic display, and station visibility analysis, and the prediction results are validated through the satellite tool kit (STK). The application results show that the proposed visualization software, with easy operation, favorable cross-platform performance, and calculation results that meet the accuracy requirements, is a useful exploration of combining the visualization and practicability of software design and development.