To address the low throughput, high latency and random selection of master nodes in the Blockchain-based fruit quality traceability system, this study proposes an improved practical Byzantine fault tolerance (PBFT) consensus algorithm based on integral selection. The algorithm introduces the integral selection protocol and optimizes the consistency protocol, view change protocol and garbage collection mechanism to improve the probability of honest master nodes being selected and reduce the communication overhead between nodes, thus improving the efficiency of consensus algorithm execution. At the same time, when the garbage collection mechanism is operated, the integrals are reallocated to all participating nodes for the dynamic change in the node number. Experiments show that the method proposed in this study has better performance in improving the throughput and reducing the latency of consensus algorithms.