The dam's dispatching plays an important role in the utilization, protection and management of water resources. The dam is used as the basic assessment unit to build dispatching and management ability evaluation index system of a single dam, to build the model based on BP artificial neural networks for dam's dispatching and management ability evaluation. Finally, taking main dams on Huaihe river for example, the model is applied to verify samples, and the results show that the dam's dispatching and management ability evaluation model based on BP neural networks is a reasonable and feasible forecasting model.