The HDFS distributed file system, with RackAwareness replica placement strategy, ensures the reliability of the data in a certain extent. But the data distribution will be unbalanced after the system runs for a period of time. Although the usage of Balancer program could redistribute tha data, the postposition of unbalanced treatment of the data storage affects the data read rate and reliability of the system. This paper adopts a replica placement strategy, which is based on multi-layer consistent hashing. At first, we will get the position of the frame which corresponds to replica through the consistent hashing algorithm, and then with the consistent hashing algorithm, we will get datanode position which is under the frame, finally, becoming the storage location. Consistent hashing algorithm uses the equal-sized partitions technology and the virtual node technology in the process of searching the corresponding position, which improves the search efficiency and the balance of distribution. The strategy, used in the data equilibrium storage and the upload rate, has greatly improved than the original one. Besides, it has the ability of replicas adaptability.