In order to improve the efficiency of retrieval and query of meteorological automatic station data, Redis database technology based on memory key-value structure is adopted. By building a Redis database cluster, the data are cached in memory and the master-slave replication is realized. A data storage structure model suitable for the characteristics of meteorological automatic station data is proposed, which makes high frequency access possible. Meteorological automatic station data can be read directly from memory, effectively reducing the time of data query response. In this study, the hourly automatic weather station observation data transfer and reporting time characteristics are analyzed. Based on Redis, the hourly automatic weather station data are stored and designed from business database, index database, and time database respectively. Finally, through experimental comparison, it is concluded that the hourly automatic weather station observation data are cached by Redis, and the retrieval efficiency of proposed method is higher than that of CIMISS. This method can also be applied to other information retrieval and invocation business scenarios, and has a good application value.